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Wertsch Department of Anthropology Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis, MO, USAbPb R@ Sociocultural Approach to Mind!!( 4Sociocultural Approach Human mental functioning is shaped by: Cultural context Historical context Institutional context  Sociocultural : cultural is not reduced to historical context and difference Mental functioning of investigators and practitioners also socioculturally situatedP'P:PNPPTP':N  T6 l | Sociocultural Approach to Mind hSociocultural situatedness of one American mind in Moscow Mid 1970s in the Cold War Interested in Soviet psychology and linguistics He thought he was open to new approaches Background in Piaget, Chomsky, Vygotsky, George Herbert Mead Product of American individualism Wrong  mental habits for understanding<;;M6  ` Vygotsky and Mead Similar claims about social origins of human mind Even similar philosophical roots: e.g., Hegel But completely different reception and impact in Russia and U.S. Vygotsky made sense in Russia and had impact Mead left little influence in U.S.@P`?PHVygotsky and Mead Vygotsky and Mead Vygotsky 1896-1934 1934: Myshlenie i Rech A founder of socio-historical approach to mind | Q 06 3 lMead 1863-1931 1932: Mind, Self, and Society A founder of Pragmatism along with William James and John Dewey@hA(Mead on Social Origins of Consciousness))( We are rather forced to conclude that consciousness is an emergent from [socially responsive behavior]; that so far from being a precondition of the social act, the social act is the precondition of it.  ,Vygotsky on Social Origins of Consciousness--(%  The social dimension of consciousness is primary in time and in fact. The individual dimension of consciousness is derivative and secondary.  Social Origins ArgumentConsistent with critique of  atomism in philosophy and social theory Contradicts:  Methodological individualism (i.e., explanation of social phenomena must start with individual) American cultural individualism2SS  "Sociocultural Approach of Vygotsky##($  Not a theory in strict sense Shares much with ideas of other thinkers of his time Includes unique contributions Three basic themes   'Theme 1: Genetic (developmental) method(((RParallels with: Sigmund Freud Jean Piaget Wolfgang Khler Heinz Werner Kurt Lewin <C$   ,3  !1. Genetic (developmental) Method""(Seeks explanation in origins and developmental transformation More than contemporary developmental psychology  Genetic domains with different laws Phylogenesis Sociocultural history Ontogenesis Microgenesis@n&<n&<>    :2. Social Origins of Higher Mental Functions in Individual;;(2Reflects genetic method  General genetic law of cultural development All higher mental functions appear twice, on two planes, first on the  intermental plane, between people, and then on the  intramental plane, within the individual Applies to thinking, memory, attention, etc.>G-G - , * L:2. Social Origins of Higher Mental Functions in Individual;;(@Parallels with other thinkers (e.g., Mead), but more radical claim in Vygotsky Not just social origins, but  quasi-social nature of mental functioning on intramental plane Border between social and individual is  porous Same mental function appears on intermental and intramental planeRO^tO^2>PFM Y   :2. Social Origins of Higher Mental Functions in Individual;;(BFirst sense in which  mind extends beyond the skin Can be  socially distributed Productive to examine how dyads, groups use discourse to think, remember Adult-child dyad as agent in remembering Other- to self-regulation Different intermental functioning => different intramental outcomes\RZIZCZDZRICD,   "3. Mediation of Mental Functioning##(Most important and unique contributions of Vygotsky in this realm Started his career in philology, literary studies Especially interested in language as a cultural tool/mediational means,+v "3. Mediation of Mental Functioning##( Mediated action as unit of analysis Active-agent-using-cultural-tool Cultural tool does some of our thinking, remembering for us  Remembering title of a book by using internet as cultural tool Intelligence = Mastery of socioculturally valued tools6GG"3. Mediation of Mental Functioning##(Using a cultural tool before we understand it  Performance before competence Illustrated by Vygotsky/Leont ev on  forbidden colors task Inititial use/misuse of a sign form in intermental functioning => Mastery on intermental plane through over estimation >..P]    "3. Mediation of Mental Functioning##(:Based on Vygotsky s clear understanding of distinction between sign form and sign meaning In intermental functioning can use a sign form or vehicle without full understanding of meaning Not the case that we must understand a sign on the intramental plane before using it on intermental4`"P J   "3. Mediation of Mental Functioning##(pMediation as key to understanding: Developmental stages and transformation Link between intermental and intramental functioning  Importing of social life into intramental functioning 8## >X  - An American in Moscow*American habits of thought: Methodological individualism Neat distinction between individual and social processes Mental processes (memory, cognition) exist in individual mind unless marked otherwise Hard to resist  grooves/ruts of thinking when encountering Vygotsky s geniusBZZNZN   0` r3y`f` S?'gN/زt̙_/` TTTdddIt}` .\:tyf` ur3mo` ` ^^ttfff̙` 333` f33>?" dd@,?nPd@  d @ ` n?" dd@   @@``PR    @ ` `6p>> $ x(  xT  x "V x  BCDEF" @ ++@`"H   G x  BCDEF"@ @`" x <  " `}   T Click to edit Master title style! !$ x 0  " `   RClick to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level!     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'2 <and Human Development.. '2 ;and Human Development.-@Tahoma-. 2 K9 James V. N.. 2 J8 James V. N.-@Tahoma-. 2 KTWertschy.. 2 JSWertschy.-@Tahoma-. .2 R+Department of Anthropology.. .2 Q*Department of Anthropology.-@Tahoma-. :2 Z#"Washington University in St. Louis.. :2 Y""Washington University in St. Louis.-@Tahoma-. "2 a8St. Louis, MO, USA.. "2 `7St. Louis, MO, USA.-՜.+,0   $ , On-screen Show$Washington University in St. LouisRt ArialTahomaTimes New Roman WingdingsSlit/Vygotsky on Human Nature and Human Development!Sociocultural Approach to MindSociocultural Approach to MindVygotsky and MeadVygotsky and MeadVygotsky and Mead)Mead on Social Origins of Consciousness-Vygotsky on Social Origins of ConsciousnessSocial Origins Argument#Sociocultural Approach of Vygotsky(Theme 1: Genetic (developmental) method"1. Genetic (developmental) Method;2. Social Origins of Higher Mental Functions in Individual;2. Social Origins of Higher Mental Functions in Individual;2. Social Origins of Higher Mental Functions in Individual#3. Mediation of Mental Functioning#3. Mediation of Mental Functioning#3. Mediation of Mental Functioning#3. Mediation of Mental Functioning#3. Mediation of Mental FunctioningAn American in Moscow  Fonts UsedDesign Template Slide Titles%_p James WertschJames Wertsch  !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghiklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~Root EntrydO)Pictures0Current UserSummaryInformation(`PowerPoint Document(jDocumentSummaryInformation8Root EntrydO)@@Pictures0Current User&SummaryInformation(`_pPCPC